Intersections are considered as the most critical parts of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. Transit signal priority is one of the efficient solutions to reduce BRT fleet delays at intersections. The aim of this study is to propose a new algorithm to decrease the BRT fleet delays at actuated intersections, while reducing the negative impacts on different approaches. The adaptive strategy is applied in this study. In the proposed algorithm, named TSPAT (Transit signal priority for Actuated Timing), intersection phasing is rescheduled, based on traffic conditions such as phase conditions at the time of bus arrival, the queue length of other approaches, and prioritization record in a specific time length. To assess the merits of the proposed algorithm, a before-after study is executed by applying VISSIM traffic simulation software for an actuated intersection in Isfahan city, Iran. The simulation results show that by applying the algorithm, the average delay of BRT fleets is declined by 21 % and 51% in peak and off-peak hours, respectively. Furthermore, the average speed of BRT fleets is increased by 26% and 78%, during peak and off-peak hours, respectively. The utilization of TSPAT algorithm can improve the desirability of the public transportation system along the BRT routes.

Traffic congestion has been rapidly increasing in cities. It leads to an increase in Transit travel time and loss in reliability of Transit vehicles. The implementation of the priority system for Transit at signalized intersections with high traffic volumes will help reduce Transit delays and red lights stops at these intersections. In this paper, we propose an unconditional active signal priority control method for public transportation system, which includes regular buses and a Bus Rapid Transit. we examined 11 different modes of bus availability at the intersection, based on the estimated time of Transit arrival. Reduce Transit delays at the intersection, increase the convenience and reliability of public transportation, increase the total intersection efficiency and reduce the negative impact on personal vehicles are also considered. Finally, a model simulation was conducted by VISSIM by writing an algorithm modeling in a signalized intersection with BRT and regular bus in Isfahan City, Iran. the results showed that, due to the implementation of this method, BRT passengers delay decreased by an average of 65% and decrease regular bus passengesrs delay by an average of 7% comparing to existing signal control scenarios.

Degradation of rivers and the associated loss of biodiversity reduces ecosystem health and water quality. One of the best practical approaches to understand ecological status of a water body and determine impacts of human activities in reducing water quality is the use of benthic macroinvertebrates as evaluation tools for monitoring their biological integrity and health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health of Zarin Gol River using signal index. Macroinvertebrate samples were taken using Surber sampler (an area of 900 cm2) with 3 replicates in 4 sampling sites (upstream, entrance of fish farm, forest area) in winter and spring seasons on Zarin Gol River. The total number of abundance of macroinvertebrate were counted 1971 belonging to 8 order, 19 families. The result showed that signal index among all stations are same and lies in quadrant a. but signal 2 score result indicates that station 3 lies in quadrant b. In general, based on the results of the distribution of macroinvertebrates and biotic index, the influence of these factors on Zarin Gol river is quite evidence and the stations that were affected by a variety of effluents (2, 4) had undesirable conditions in the studied river.

Introduction Today, with the increasing tendency of the vehicle to walk to public transport is much reduced from their desire the increase of private cars has increased and environmental pollution; So that the air pollution in many countries of the world, especially major cities in Iran is so important that Forced the government to take seriously the issue and adopt policies and programs for its short and long term; In this way and in a different perspective, it is necessary to think. Including urban planners to design their ideas and their views on this issue has been raised and Transit-oriented development approach. This approach in urban planning from the 1970s in USA policymakers and researchers in the field of planning and urban design has been considered. Citizens are encouraged to use public transportation in areas with mixed-use residential, commercial and office near a node or Transit stops (bus, subway, etc. ) is; that if implemented, this type of planning can bring many benefits, including reduction in transport costs, reduce congestion, sustainability and urban vitality, open shape the development of cities and etc. the cause. In our country, Iran, using public transportation and take advantage of the benefits that have been addressed in the cities, especially big cities. And plans have been implemented in these areas. In Tehran, the large-scale projects such as metro and bus systems were operating Extremist; but the development of such systems requires understanding the effectiveness of various dimensions. The aim of this study is to answer questions about the operation of the bus system Extremist in Tehran to what extent the framework for Transit-oriented development approach and its physical properties have been considered. Since then one of habitable Transit-oriented development quality objectives in this study is that air pollution is taken into account; Using zoning air pollution in Tehran and its compliance with the requirements of Transit-oriented development approach around Extremist bus system to answer the question whether or not there is a connection between the two?

Transit functions are introduced to study betweenness, intervals and convexity in an axiomatic setup on graphs and other discrete structures. Prime example of a Transit function on graphs is the well studied interval function of a connected graph. In this paper, we study the Cycle Transit function $\mathcal{C}( u,v)$ on graphs which is a Transit function derived from the interval function. We study the betweenness properties and also characterize graphs in which the cycle Transit function coincides with the interval function. We also characterize graphs where $|\mathcal{C}( u,v)\cap \mathcal{C}( v,w) \cap \mathcal{C}( u,w)|\le 1$ as an analogue of median graphs.

The disintegration of the Soviet Union led to a new condition, which with intervene of foreign players, became a very complicated situation. This trend created a “New Great Game” around Caspian Sea Basin that reminds imperialistic rivalries of Britain and Russia in late decades of 19th century. Increasing demands of industrial countries has caused the rapid attention to this region. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan have arranged huge efforts in this respect, in order to gain more revenue from oil in world. The author has tried to explain the geopolitical dimensions of energy Transition around Caspian Sea, with respect to the Goals and rivalries of regional and international players in this region.

At coordinated signals, a signal may go to Transition due to oversized pedestrian timing, Transit signal priority (TSP), or emergency vehicles. In these situations, a signal tries to bring back disrupted coordination to its original plan by a Transition option. There are several options for Transitions, including Dwell, Max Dwell, Add, Subtract, and Short way. To have a quantitative tool to analyze different Transition options, mathematical models of Transition methods were developed. Then the mathematical models of Transition options were implemented into software called TOD (Transition Options’ Delays), which is an open-source program available for anyone who is interested in using it. With this software, practitioners simply input the common timing parameters such as cycle length, vehicle and pedestrian volume, and required pedestrian timing. The software will then give a recommendation based on the overall delay. The mathematical models and the related TOD software are expected to provide improved recommendations when dealing with pedestrian crossings at coordinated signal systems.